B258
OTHER:
Composite - GeneralOverview:
General information related to composites.
Items:
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Name |
Item |
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OTHER: Composite - General - Tow |
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OTHER: Composite - General - Miscellaneous |
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Reference: |
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BUY: Composite - Tow - Carbon/Graphite - Towpreg |
Torsional Stiffness:
CarterCopter rotor blades are torsionally very stiff (4 layers of +/- 45 Carbon cloth are used in the rotor blade's skin) so they have never measured any
blade flutter tendency. ~ from CarterCopter marketing page.Weight Reduction:
It is estimated from the Army/Bell Advanced Composite Airframe Program (1986) plus later advances that the use of composite materials can reduce the airframe weight by 25% without sacrificing chrashworthiness or other strength concerns.
Code
(from Tutorial)(the axis is the direction of the thread, I think)
(x & y are the ply axis)
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Sx |
On-axis stress |
looks like x is the longitudinal |
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Sy |
On-axis stress |
looks like y is the transverse |
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Ss |
On-axis stress |
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(1 & 2 are the laminate axis)
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S1 |
Off-axis stress |
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S2 |
Off-axis stress |
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S6 |
Off-axis stress |
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Ex |
Strength – longitudinal |
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Ey |
Strength – transverse
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th the ply angle (is AN in Hollmann)
Laminator program
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Code |
Description |
Default values |
Stacking Sequence:
[0/45/-45/90/90/-45/45/0]
Material properties:
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E1 |
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19.4E+06 psi |
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E2 |
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1.7E+06 psi |
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V12 |
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0.38 |
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G12 |
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0.89E+06 psi |
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CTE1 |
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1.1E-08 in/in/F |
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CTE2 |
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12.5E-06 in/in/F |
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CHE1 |
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0.0 in/in |
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CHE2 |
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0.44 in/in |
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Material strengths:
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Xt |
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204,000 psi |
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Xc |
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-197,000 psi |
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Yt |
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5900 psi |
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Yc |
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-20,700 psi |
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S |
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13,300 psi |
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Load vector:
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Nx |
X normal force |
1000 lb/in |
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Mx |
X moment |
10 in-lb/in |
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Ny |
Y normal force |
Nxy = My = Mxy = 0.0 |
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Material
Fabric
Unidirectional
E-glass
S-glass
M-glass
Intermediate Strength Carbon (graphite)
Kevlar
Bi-directional
Resin
Polyester
Epoxy
Core
Adhesive
Measurement
of Pressure is in Pounds per Square Inch -or- Pascals|
I.e. 306 Ksi |
= 2110 Mpa |
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1000 Pascals |
= 1 Kilopascals |
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1000 Kilopascals |
= 1 Megapascal [Mpa] |
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1000 Megapascals |
= 1 Gigapascal ?? [Gpa] |
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1000 psi |
= 1 ksi |
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1000 ksi |
= 1 msi |
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1 Pounds/Inch^2 [psi] |
= 6894.757 Pascals |
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1 Pounds/Inch^2 [psi] |
= 6.894757 Kilopascals |
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1 Pounds/Inch^2 [psi] |
= 0.006894757 Megapascals [Mpa] |
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1000 Lb/Inch^2 [ksi] |
= 6.894757 Megapascals [Mpa] |
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Therefor 1 ksi |
= 6.894754 Mpa |
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1000000 Lb/Inch^2 [msi] |
= 6.894757 Gigapascals [Gpa] |
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Therefor 1 msi |
= 6.894757 Gpa |
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Beams/Spar
Consider Pultruded Carbon. "Spartuf", "Graphlite"
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Last Revised: July 19, 2005